Looking at the Prospects of the Circular Economy as a Step for Environmental Conservation

Currently, the circular economy is an innovative solution to solving the waste problem. Many countries have started to implement this economic model because it is considered replicable and can be done by everyone.

The circular economy, according to the World Economic Forum (WEF), is an industrial system that utilizes existing materials to make new goods or add value to old goods through integrated waste management.

One of the countries that has succeeded in implementing a circular economy is Denmark.

Quoted from Kompas.com (25/03/2019) Denmark implements various policies to encourage people to want to recycle plastic waste.

One of these policies is the application of a deposit system for beverages such as beer and soft drinks. The Ambassador of Denmark, H.E. Mr. Rasmus Abildgaard Kristensen gave an example if someone buys beer or soft drink, the consumer must pay the price of the drink and pay the deposit as well.

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“This money (deposit) can be recovered if they return the bottles to a special machine that will accept all types of bottles, regardless of brand. As a result, only 3-4 percent of waste in Denmark is dumped in the Final Disposal Site (TPA), while 69 percent has been successfully recycled, ”explained Kristensen.

Danish policy can be a consideration for Indonesia, where the recycling percentage rate is still relatively low. According to data from the Indonesian Aromatic and Plastic Olefins Industry Association (Inaplas) and Indonesian Plastic Recyclers (IPR) in 2019, it is known that the current total plastic consumption is predicted to be 5.66 million metric tons per year.

Unfortunately, the plastic recycling rate is only 1.80 metric tons per year or less than 1 percent of total waste.

Even so, the application of the circular economy has begun to be driven as a solution to various environmental problems in Indonesia, especially plastic waste pollution.

Quoted from Kompas.com (24/02/2020) Minister of National Development Planning (PPN) Suharso Monoarfa said that a circular economy can be the key to realizing a pollution-free environment while contributing to the Indonesian economy.

"So far, we have been using a linear economy, whereas the packaging can be recycled and reused if the management is correct. For example, some bottled water factories that have been consumed are immediately discarded. In fact, they can be collected into a waste bank because of their economic value," he said.

The Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) has also taken concrete steps to realize the application of a circular economy by facilitating waste management in various cities, districts and provinces.

Meanwhile, from the industrial side, bottled water producers such as Danone-AQUA have implemented a circular economy by marketing mineral water products with recycled plastic packaging.

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Danone-AQUA also implements a fully circular business model through gallon packaging (jugs) that can be returned to the factory for refilling.

The gallon business model for fully circular reuse has actually been around for a long time in Indonesia. The gallon innovation itself has been in Indonesia since 1984 and has become one of the pioneers in efforts to reduce the amount of plastic waste because gallon packaging always rotates in the production circle.

Even gallons that are no longer feasible can be immediately recycled by the company without having to be thrown into the TPA and collected one by one, and when these gallons return to the factory they will be selected and then washed and refilled. Everything goes through high standards to keep the quality up

Indonesia still has a long way to go until it comes to a time when a circular economy can be fully implemented.

It takes major investment to develop waste management infrastructure and educate the public to understand the importance of participating in a circular economy through daily actions, such as reusing products and separating household waste.

To better understand the concept of a circular economy, National Geographic Indonesia through its #SayaPilihBumi action in collaboration with Danone-AQUA held a webinar entitled "Looking to the Future: Is Circular Economy a Solution to Environmental Problems?".

This webinar will discuss environmental pollution and circular economy from various dimensions. Therefore, the webinar will present climate and marine researchers from LIPI Intan Suci Nurhati, Hamish Daud, along with other expert speakers, and AQUA representatives from the industry side.


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The Threat of Disaster Behind Plastic Bags

The paid plastic bag policy, which the Government has piloted on February 21 2016, is said to have begun to show results in Jakarta. However, there was the threat of a bigger catastrophe that was still not inevitable with it.

"During the survey in Jakarta, 103 respondents (46.4 percent) no longer used plastic (bags) (when shopping)," said Indonesian Consumers Foundation (YLKI) researcher Natalya Kurniawati as quoted by Kompas.com on Wednesday (13/4 / 2016).

The YLKI survey which involved 222 respondents in Jakarta also found that 83 consumers admitted to using less than 3 plastic bags, 29 people using 3-4 bags, and 7 respondents using more than 4 bags.

From this research, the majority of respondents seem to have started to reduce or even not use plastic bags when shopping and choose to bring shopping bags or bags from home. The research was conducted by YLKI from March 1, 2016 to April 6, 2016, to monitor the effectiveness of the paid plastic bag policy.

However, YLKI feels that the paid plastic policy is not effective enough, with data that many respondents still use plastic bags from retail stores even though they are charged an additional price. The survey above is also relatively limited in scope. In fact, the threat from using plastic still looms over the Earth.

Disaster

Based on Greeneration's research in 2009, one person in Indonesia uses an average of 700 plastic bags per year. If accumulated, there are more than 100 billion plastic bags — the production of which consumes 12 million barrels of oil — used by Indonesians per year.

With a benchmark price of Rp. 200 - the benchmark in government policy based on an agreement with the Indonesian Retail Entrepreneurs Association (Aprindo) - it was found that each person spent an average of Rp. 140,000 just to pay for plastic bags, if the habit of using the bags did not change.

Even if the nominal is considered insignificant, the pile of trash from plastic bags that cannot quickly decompose in nature will be a bigger threat to life and the ecosystem.

What's more, land for landfills (TPA) in Indonesia is increasingly limited. The high pile of waste that does not decompose quickly, such as plastic, will be mounting and is prone to causing disasters in itself.

Disaster caused by garbage — mostly plastic-dominated — hit Indonesia on February 21, 2005. At that time, 157 people were lost in vain and two villages were wiped off the map because they were hit by an avalanche of rubbish from TPA Leuwigajah, Bandung.

A further threat that threatens is found a lot of plastic waste in the sea. The research of Jenna R Jambeck and friends in 2015 proved that Indonesia was the second largest contributor of plastic waste to the sea after China.

From this research, Indonesia is said to be responsible for 3.2 million tons of plastic waste floating in the ocean. Marine biota, such as plankton, fish and seabirds, can consume plastic waste.

The situation will worsen when plastic waste enters the food chain from the chain of facts. The heart's intention is to increase nutritional intake by eating a seafood menu, it could be that the plastic waste in the fish's body is swallowed if this condition occurs.

Moreover, many Indonesians today still depend on the sea and their livelihoods. If you care, just start reducing the use of plastic in your daily activities. For example, from bringing your own recurring bags or pouches from home.


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